Projection apparatus



p i 27, 1943. D. F. NEWMAN 2,317,476

- PROJECTION APPARATUS Filed Feb. 14, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR DAVID F: NEWMAN BY @5 14, r M

ATTORN Y5 7, 1943. D. F. NEWMAN 2,317,476

PROJECTION APPARATUS Filed Feb. 14, 1941 a Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR DAVID F2 NEWMAN ATTORNEYs muQM9M April 27, 1943.

p. F. NEWMAN PROJECTION APPARATUS 8 Sheets-Sheet I5 Filed Feb. 14. 1941 INVENTOR DAVlD F. N EWMAN Wand, :49-1 "'M ATTORNEYS Aprfl 27, 1943. o. F. NEWMAN PROJECTION APPARATUS- Fil ed Feb. 14, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 IHIH INVENTOR DAVID E NEWMAN ATTORNEYS April 27, 1943. o. F. NEWMAN 2,317,476

PROJECTION APPARATUS Filed Feb. 14, 1941' 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 triple the resistance value sho above.

Now 18 the time for all good men to come o the aid. of their country. When in the ourse of human events it becomes futile v INVENTOR 1 1 DAVID E. NEWMAN 00M,M -M ATTORNEYS Filed Feb. 14, 1941 8 $heets-Shet '7 N WM 5 R m m N M R E 0 w n I. n u A V %%N.. M w 0% D; F. NEWMAN I ROJEGTION APPARATUS Filed Feb. 14, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet a INVENTOR DAVID F: NEWMAN W MYM ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 27, 1943 2,317,476 PROJECTION APPARATUS David F. Newman, Mountain Lakes, N. J., assignor to Trans-Lox Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application February 14, 1941, Serial No. 378,892

Claims.

My invention relates to a structurally and functionally improved projection apparatus and in itsmore specific aspects aims to provide a unit of this character which will be of particular utility for instruction purposes.

It is an object of the invention to furnish a projection apparatus which may cooperate with an indicia-bearing member to project the characters appearing upon the latter onto a suitable receiving surface; the indicia-bearing member being moved with relation to the projection field of the apparatus at one of a number of different projection speeds.

A further object is that of furnishing a mechanism of this type and in which the speed of movement of the indicla-bearing member through the projection field may readily be controlled by the operator and without its being necessary that the latter have any particular skill or me chanical ability.

Another object is that of designing a projection apparatus which will be ideally suited for instruction purposes and the operation of which will be virtually automatic.

With these and other objects in mind, reference is had to the attached sheets of drawings illustrating practical embodiments of the invention, and in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view, with parts omitted, showing the projector mechanism of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view, partly in section with parts omitted, showing the projector mechanism of Fig. 1;

Fig. 2a is a detailed fragmentary view, showing a feature of the invention:

Fig. 2b is an enlarged vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, showing a clutch arrange ment;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevational view, partly in section, showing a clutch mechanlsmfor rewinding the web after passage thereof through the projection field;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged elevational view, partly in section, showing associated clutch units of the invention;

Fig. 6 is an elevational view, partly in section, showing an arrangement for retarding rotation of a web reel;

Fig. 7 is an elevational view, partly in section, showing a preferred manner of mounting a clutch element;

' upper part of Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a circuit arrangement of the invention;

Fig. 9 is a rear elevational view, showing the the projector mechanism of Figs. 1 and 2; I

Fig. 10 is an elevational view showing the web of the invention in the projection field of the projector apparatus;

Fig. 11 is a diagram showing another circuit arrangement of the invention;

Fig. 12 is an elevational view, partly in section, showing a modification of the invention; and

Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a circuit arrangement utilizable with the form of the invention shown in Fig. 12.

In general, my invention relates to a projector mechanism adapted particularly for use in a classroom, or equivalent. In a business school, for example, when a group of students are leaming to typewrite, it is desirable for each student. in one manner or another, to receive dictation. By my invention, a projection screen is disposed in front of the class and lines of character images are caused to move across said screen at a constant rate of speed so as to provide group "dictation" for the entire class. More particularly, a selective arrangement is provided for causing the lines of character images to move across the screen at different constant speeds to thereby meet the requirements of different classes of students.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2-, i represents a suitable base adapted to rest upon the floor or other suitable supporting surface. Rotatably secured to'the base i by centrally disposed spindle (not shown), is a platform 2 adapted to be detachably retained in predetermined position with respect to said base i by a latching member 3.

Upstanding from the platform 2 are a pair of vertical standards 4, i to which a horizontal structure 5 is secured by screws 6 or the like. Preferably, although not necessarily, the structure 5 is a casting and it comprises the oppositely extending wing sections 1, 1 between which is disposed a central housing 8 having a bottom wall 9 and spaced vertical side walls l0, III.

The housing 8 terminates in a plane vertical front surface to which, by screws II or the like, is secured a frame I! having on the front surface thereof a pair of spaced vertical tracks i3, i3 between which said frame I2 comprises an aperture or passage M of oblong, rectangular configuration, this aperture or passage I4 serving as the projection field of the apparatus herein disclosed.

The frame l2, at each side thereof and in the upper forward area thereof, comprises the pairs of spaced ears l5 and I5, each ear, with the exception of the lower ear |5 at the left, Fig. 2, being provided with a vertical passage, the passages in the pair of ears l5 being vertically alined.

The frame l2, at each side thereof and in the upper rear area thereof, comprises the respective, enlarged bearing sections l1, H in. which a horizontal shaft I8 is Journalled, the shaft ll, between the bearing sections I1, I! carrying the web-pulling roller l3.

Coactable with the frame I2 is a gate 28 which, at each side thereof, comprisesa pair of spaced ears 2| and 22, the pair of ears 2| being received between the aforesaid ears l5 and the ears 22 being received between the aforesaid ears. l5,

Fig. 2. Each ear of the pairs of ears 2| and 22,

with the exception of the lower ear 2| at the left, Fig. 2, is provided with a vertical passage, the passages in the respective pairs of ears l8 and 22 being vertically alined for the reception of a pivot screw 23, and the passages in the upper ears l5 and 2| at the left, Fig. 2. being vertically aiined for the reception of a detachable retaining screw 24.

The gate 20, at each side thereof, comprises a rearwardly extending bearing section 25. Each bearing section 25 has extending therethrough a slot 25a elongated in a vertical direction for the reception of a horizontal shaft 25 which supports a plurality of web-engaging rollers 21.

In accordance with the invention, levers 25 are pivoted to the gate 25 inwardly of each hearing section 25 thereof, the rear end of each lever 28 having pivoted thereto one end of a link 23, the aforesaid shaft 25 extending through the links 29. The forward end of each lever 25 carries a pivoted armature 23a coactable with an electromagnetic winding 35 suitably secured to lamp housing 35 and cover 35 being provided with suitable ventilating passages, not shown. Preferably, one side wall of the lamp housing 35 carries a detachable plate 31 to which is horizontally secured an incandescent lamp bulb which is indicated diagrammatically at 38. As shown in Fig. 1, the projecting light beam passes from right to left from the source of light 38, through an oblong, rectangular aperture 35a provided in the lamp housing 35, through a pair of condenser lenses 39, 43 suitably supported in the aforesaid housing 8 and then through the projection field l4, the projecting light beam thereafter engaging the mirror 33, passing through the objective lens 32 and then engaging a suitable mirror and screen arrangement (not shown).

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the platform 2 may have secured thereto a standard 4| which, by screws 42 or the like, is secured to the rear surface of the lamp housing 35 so as to form a support therefor.

Referring to Figs. 1-4, inclusive, and 9, the rear wall of the aforesaid lamp housing 35 is shown as having a bracket structure 43 secured thereto by screws 44 or the like. The bracket structure 43 comprises a pair of upstanding sections 45, 45 terminating, respectively, at their upper ends in horizontally alined fork-shaped sections 45a which form bearing surfaces for the respective ends of a shaft 45 which is secured to and rotatable with a reel R comprising a hub 41 and spaced, parallel side plate 48, 43.

That upstanding section 45 toward the left, Fig. 9, comprises a laterally extending member 45 which terminates in an upper bearing section 50 having a horizontal passage disposed in alinement-with the aforesaid shaft 45. The bearing section 50 supports a shaft 5| terminating at its end toward the left, Fig. 3, in a collar 52 within which the adjacent end of the shaft 45 is freely received. Fixed within the collar 52 is a transverse pin 53 received by an open-end slot diametrically formed in and at the end of said last named end of the shaft 45. Pivoted at 54 to an ear formed on the bearing section 58 is a latching lever 55 having va hook-shaped end adapted to be swung into engagement-with that section of the shaft 5| which is'exposed at the right of the collar, 52, Fig. 3. At the right of the bearing section 55, Fig. 3, the shaft 5| has secured thereto a pulley 55 which is utilizable as hereinafter described.

When the latching lever 55 is .positloned as shown in Figs. 3 and. 4, the two shafts 45 and 5| are locked together for rotatable movement as a unit. However, when the latching lever 55 is swung clockwise, Fig. 4, the shaft 5| may readily be moved toward the right, Fig. 3, to thereby remove the collar 52 from the adjacent end of the shaft 45 and to remove the pin 53 from the slot in said last named end of the shaft 45. When this has been done. the reel R together with its shaft 45 may readily be removed from the forkshaped sections 45a which form the support therefor.

The bracket structure 43 serves as a support for a horizontal member 51, Figs, 4 and 9, on

which is pivoted a lever 58 biased in a, counterclockwise direction, Fig. 4, by a suitably supported spring 53. One end of the lever 58 forms a support for a roller 55 adapted to engage the outer surface of the web roll on the reel R, said lever 58, adjacent its other end, carrying an adjustable screw 5| coactable with the actuating member 52 of a suitable electrical switch 53 supported by an adjacent section of the bracket structure 43, the latter also carrying an adjustable stop member 54 with which the lever 55 is adapted to engage.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the bracket structure 43 is shown as having secured thereto a housing 55 to which,;by screws 55, a front plate 51 is attached. The plate 51 and the rear wall of the housing 55 serve as the supports for a horizontal shaft 58 to which, by a screw 59,'is secured a hub 13 carrying a sprocket wheel II. loosely mounted on the shaft 58 is a sleeve 12 which carries a screw I3 extending'into a groove 58a formed peripherally in the shaft 53, this arrangement preventing movement of the sleeve 12 axially of said shaft 53. The sleeve 12 carries a pulley 14 vertically alined with the above described pulley 55 of the shaft 5|, the pulleys 55 and 14 carrying an endless belt 15 of such construction that it is slippable with respect to one or both of the pulleys 55 and 14. One face of the sleeve 12 is serrated so as to form a clutch face with which is coactabie a similar clutch face formed on a sleeve I5 which is suitably keyed to the shaft 68 while being freely movable axially thereof.

The inner face of the front plate 61 has projecting therefrom ears 6111, Fig. 3, between which is pivoted a lever 11, the lower intermediate section of which is provided with a circular aperture in which is received the aforesaid sleeve 16,

the lever 11 and the sleeve 16 being connected by oppositely disposed pivotal connections 18) The extreme lower end of the lever 11 is provided with a passage through which extends a screw 19 threaded into the front plate I51. A spring 80, confined between the head of the screw 19 and the adjacent section of the lever 11, serves to bias said lever 11 in a counter-clockwise direction, Fig. 3. The upper end of the lever 11 serves as an armature for a pair of coils 8| suitably supported on a bracket 82 carried by the front plate 61,

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the bottom wall 9 As shown in Fig. 2, that bracket section 84 to-' ward the left comprises a laterally extending member 81 which terminates in a lower bearing section 88 having a horizontal passage disposed in alinement with the aforesaid shaft 85 of the reel RI. Th bearing section 88 supports a shaft 89 having a sprocket wheel 90 secured to one end thereof. The other end of the shaft 89 is detachably secured to the adjacent end of the shaft 85 by an arrangement comprising a latching lever 55 which is similar to that herelnbefore described in connection with the shafts 46 and 5|.

The bracket structure 83 serves as a support for a horizontal member 51a, Fig. 1, on which is pivoted a lever 58a biased in a clockwise direction, Fig. 1, by a suitably supported spring 59a. One end of the lever 58a forms a support for a roller 80a adapted to engage the outer surface of the web roll on the reel RI, said lever 58, ad-. jacent its other end, carrying an adjustable screw GIa coactable with the actuating member 62a. of a suitable electrical switch 63a supported as, for example, by the lower surface of the lamp housing 35.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 6, that bracket section 84 toward the right is shown as having a side passage 840. which communicates with a passag 84b extending through a projection 840 of said bracket section 84. A metallic ball 9I, seated loosely in the passage 84a, is biased to ward the left, Fig. 6, by a spring 92 disposed between said ball SI and a screw 93 threaded into the {passage 84b. The ball 9I, under spring pressure, engages the adjacent plate 86 of the reel RI and, as will be understood, serves to apply thereto a force tending to retard rotatlve movement thereof.

As shown in Fig. 2, that section 45 of the bracket structure 43 toward the left may have associated therewith an arrangement similar to that described immediately above for retarding rotative movement of the reel R.

In accordance with the invention, the hereinbefore described platform 2 carries a housing 94. As herein shown, the housing 94 comprises a top wall 95, a bottom wall 96, vertical end walls 91 ment C last named is also shown and intermediate vertical walls 98, the vertical walls cooperating with each other to form a plurality of narrow stalls or compartmentsC. In addition, if desired, the housing 94, may comprise front and rear walls, not shown. As will be understood, the .various walls are secured to each other in suitable manner so as to form a rigid,

unitary structure.

Extending from one end to the other end of the housing 94 are the upper and lower horizontal shafts 99 and I00 which are journalled in suitable manner in some of the described vertical wallsl Referring to Fig. 5, the third compartment C from the left is shown as having therein a hub IOI which is loosely mounted on the shaft I00, said hub IOI carrying aninwardly projecting pin I 02 which extends into a groove I000; formed circumferentially in the shaft I00. Accordingly, the hub I M is freely rotatable on and with respect to the shaft I00 ,while' being restrained from movement axially thereof. The hub IOI comprises a sprocket wheel I03 and a clutch disk I04 having a notched or serrated face. The compartas having a sleeve I 05 slidably fixed on the shaft I00 by a key I06, or equivalent, the surface of the sleeve I 05 facing the disk I04 being notched or serrated as shown.

Disposed'in the compartment C last named is a support I01 which may be an integral section of an intermediate wall 98, the support I01 having pivoted thereto a lever I08 which, intermediate its ends, comprises a section I08a having a circular aperture in which the aforesaid sleeve I05 is received. The lever section I08a carries a pair of screws I09 positioned diametrically with respect to the sleeve I05, the inner ends of these-screws I09 being received in a groove I05a peripherally formed in said sleeve I the lever I08 is formed with a passage through which freely extends a screw IIO carried by that intermediate wall 98 which comprises the aforesaid support I01. A helical spring III disposed around the outer end of the screw IIO biases the lever I08 in a counter-clockwise direction; Fig. 5, to the extent permitted by a stop screw II2 carried by the upper end of the lever I08. The extreme lower end of the lever I08 carries an arm ture I I3 coactable with the core of a suitably supported electromagneticwinding II 4.

Further, the compartment C last named is shown as having therein a hub II5 which is suitably secured to the shaft for rotative movement therewith. Vertically above the aforesaid sprocket wheel I03, the hub II5 comprises a sprocket wheel II6 with which and the sprocket wheel I03 an endless sprocket chain II1 coacts.

Still further, the compartment C last named is shown as having therein a sprocket wheel II8 which is suitably secured to the shaft for rotative movement therewith. The sprocket wheel H8 is disposed vertically below a sprocket wheel II9 secured to the above described shaft I8 and an endless sprocket chain I20 coacts with the two sprocket wheels H8 and H9.

With two exceptions, the apparatus in the other compartments 0 is a duplicate of that described above with respect to the specified compartment C and, therefore, description of the apparatus in said other compartments will be omitted. The two exceptions are as follows: (1) there is no sprocket wheel other than the one described and (2) the sprocket wheels I03 in the respective compartments C progressively increase in diameter in one direction,

05. Below the'section I08a,

I I8 in any of the compartments C,"

and I35.

as from left to right, Figs. 2 and 5, for a purpose hereinafter to be descri I As shown in Fig. 2, the shaft 66, at tLe end thereof toward the right andinside the housing 66, has secured thereto a sprocket wheel I2 I which is disposed in the same vertical plane as the hereinbefore described sprocket wheel H. An ,endless sprocket chain I22 coacts with the sprocket wheels and I2I to transfcr energy from one to the other.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the shaft I06, a. the end thereof toward the right, Fig. 2, is shown as having secured thereto a worm wheel I221: which coacts with and is driven by a worm wheel I23 secured to a shaft I26 which extends from a'gear box I25 associated with a suitable electrical motor M carried by the platform 2. the shut I26 being connected to the 'motor armature by suitable speed-reducing gearing, not shown.

The platform 2, rearwardly of the housing 06, carries a housing formed by sid walls I21, I21 and a top wall I28, this housing or compartment C I. 'The side walls I21, I21

form bearings for upper and lower shafts I26 and Ill, the lower shaft I60 leading intoasuitable gear box ill from which a mechanical connection leads to the armature of an electrical motor MI carried by the platform 2. The shaft I30 supports a sleeve or hub Illa freely rotatable thereon but restrained from movement axially thereof; the sleeve Illa, exteriorly of the compartment CI having secured thereto a sprocket wheel Ill dis-- posed vertically below a sprocket wheel Ill secured to the shaft I29. An endless sprocket chain I'll connects the sprocket wheel Ill with the sprocket wheel I34 so that power maybe delivered from one to the other. I

The shaft I26 has secured thereto a second sprocket wheel Ill which is disposed in the same vertical plane as the above described sprocket wheel 90 and an endless sprocket chain I01 is associated with both of the sprocket wheels 60 The compartment CI contains clutch and clutch-actuating mechanism similar to that described above as contained in the compartment C, the same ieference characters having been generally applied to corresponding parts. In this connection, it is to be noted that the armature III of the lever I06 in the compartment CI coacts with a suitably supported electromagnetic winding Illa.

In Fig. 8, I have illustrated in a diagrammatic manner the electrical circuit relation of my in- I may provide a pair of conducventioh. Thus, tors I50, II which include a mainlswitch I52 and suitable fuses ill, the conductors I50, I5I

leading to any suitable source of electrical energy such, for example, as a l20-volt, 60 cycles per second alternating current supply.

As shown, the hereinbefore described light source 6 for the projector mechanism may be connected across the conductors I50, Ill.

Further, as shown, asource of direct current I56 is connected across the conductors I50, III. The source I54 may be a rectifier, a motor-generator set, or equivalent so that the output conductors I55, I56 thereof deliver direct current as desired.

Connected to the conductor Ill is a conductor I61 which leads to one terminal of a relay winding I58, the other terminal of which has connected thereto a conductor I56 which includes the contacts of the hereinbefore described switch ll and leads back to the conductor Ill.

forming a stall Ill and the switch lla, has connected thereto a conductor I65 which terminates in a switch element I66. As shown, the switch elements Ill and I66 are disposed adjacent the end of the conductor I56 so that either of them may be disposed in closed-circuit relation with respect thereto.

Coactable with the relay windings I56, I6I is an armature I61 having connected thereto two conductors I68 and Ill. The conductor I66 terminates in one element of a switch I10, the other element of which isconnected to the line conductor I5I by a conductor Hi. The conductor I66 leads to and is connected to the hereinbefore described conductor I56.

One fixed contact of the relay arrangement has connected thereto a conductor I12 which includes the windings 6i and is connected to the conductor I60. The adjacent fixed contact of said relay arrangement has connected thereto a conductor I13 which includes the winding Illa and, likewise, is connected to said conductor I60.

Another fixed contact of the relay arrangement has connected thereto a conductor I16 which includes the terminals of the motor M and is connected to the line conductor Ill. The

adjacent fixed contact of said relay arrangement suitably mounted in position adjacent each other on a panel Ill, or equivalent. The corresponding elements of all the switches I60 are connected to a common conductor I82 which leads to and is connected to the aforesaid conductor Ill. The other element of all the switches Ill have connected thereto the respective conductors Ill which lead to and are connected to the aforesaid conductor I66, each of the conductors Ill including one of the windings IIl.

The closure of any selected switch of the switches Ill may be eifected in any suitable manner as, for example, by a plug Ill carried by a flexible cord Ill. The plug Ill is formed from metallic material and, if desired, although not necessarily, it may comprise a pair of spaced grooves adapted to receive the respective switch tips when said plug Ill is associated, in circuitclosing relation, with a selected switch I60, the plug I86, therefore, serving to close-circuit those switch tips with which it is associated.

Connected to the respective conductors I66,

conductors IBM and l55a terminate in the respective switch elements I041; and I684: adapted and establish another mechanical lock holding said armature III! in the position last noted, the lock last named holding after the winding I8I is deenergized.

In accordance with the invention, the motor M operates at constant speed. Depending'upon the particular circuit arrangement in use, said motor M may be of any suitable constant speed type. However, with the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 8, the motor M, preferably, is a synchronous motor as known in the art. The motor MI may be either of constant or variable speed. With the circuit arrangement of Fig. 8, said motor MI may be any alternating current motor suitable for the intended purpose.

In order to place the mechanism herein described in condition for operation, the screw 24 is removed from the position thereof shown in Fig. 2 and the gate 20 is swung-to open position. Thereupon, the shaft 85 of 9. mm RI having a web W wound thereon is disposed in the seat provided by the slotted bracket sections 84, 84. The end of the web W is then passed upwardly across the projection field I4, over the web-pulling roller I8, over a roller I80 supported by a member I8I upstanding from the lamp housing 35, said end of the web W then being attached to the reel R which is supported in the forkshaped sections 45a, 45a of the bracket 43. Thereupon, the gate 20 is closed and the screw 24 returned to its seat. With said gate 20 in its closed position, the web-engaging rollers 21 care ried thereby engage the web and hold the same in engagement with the web-pulling roller I9.

With the web arrangement described above,

the diameter of the web roll on the reel RI is relatively large. This relatively large web roll holds the lever 58a in such position that it is disengaged from the switch 83a and, accordingly, the latter is open as shown in Fig. 8. However, the diameter of the web roll on the reel R is slight or negligible and, therefore, as will be obvious from a consideration of Fig. 4, :the lever 58 is in engagement with the switch 63 and, therefore, the latter is closed as shown in Fig. 8.

Assuming that the armature ISI is locked in the position thereof shown in Fig. 8, the operator, initially, closes the switch I52. As a'resuit, the direct current source I54 is energized to thereby complete a circuit from one terminal of the source I54 by way of the conductor I55, conductor I51, conductor I60, conductor I112 including the windings 8|, armature ISI, conductor I69 and thence back to the other terminal of said source I54 by way of the conductor I56. When the windings 8I are energized as described, the lever 17 is swung to the position thereof shown in Fig. 3 whereby the clutch face on the sleeve I6 is engaged with the corresponding clutch face on the sleeve 12. In this manner, the sleeve 12 and the thereby-carried pulley I4 are lockedto the shaft 68 which, at this time, is stationary.

After closure of the switch I52 as described above, the operator closes the starting switch "0 which may be an ordinary blade switch. By so doing, a circuit is closed from the line conductor I5I by way of the conductor III, switch II0, conductor I88, the armature I61 and thence to the other line conductor I50 by way of the conductor II4 which includes the actuating winding of the motor M. Accordingly, in this manner, operation of said motor M is eifectedand, responsive thereto, the shaft I00, Figs. 2 and 5, is caused to rotate at suitable slow, constant speed depending upon the character of the gearing in the gear box I25.

When all of the switches I are open, it fol lows, necessarily, that all of the windings II4 are deenergized and, when deenergized', all of the levers I08 are in their non-attracted positions with respect to said windings H4, respectively. If, at this stage of the operation, the operator inserts the plug I84 in the. second switch I 80 from the top, Fig. 8, a circuit is closed from one terminal of the direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I55, conductor I82, the contacts of the switch I80 last named, the conductor I83 associated with said switch I80 last named, the winding II4 associatedwith said conductor I83 last named and thence back to the other terminal of the direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I56.

The winding I I4 referred to immediately above occupies the second compartment 0 from the left, Fig. 5 and, responsive of the energization of said last named winding I I4, the lever I08 in said last named compartment 0 is swung to the position shown against the influence of the spring II I. By so doing, the rotating clutch sleeve I05 in the compartmentC last named is moved into engagement with the stationary clutch disk I04 and, by reason of the interacting clutch faces, the clutch disk I04 now rotates as a unit with the clutch sleeve I05.

Responsive to the described rotation of the clutch disk I04, the'sprocket chain III in the compartment 0 last noted is operated to effect rotation of the shaft 99 at constant speed. As hereinbefore described, the shaft 99 carries the sprocket wheels II8, I2I which are carried by said shaft 99 and rotate therewith to effect movement of the respective sprocket chains I20, I22.

As described above, the sprocket chain I20 actuates the sprocket wheel H9 and, accordingly,

the web-pulling roller I9 is rotated at suitable constant speed to draw the web W upwardly from the reel RI and across the projection field I4; the rollers 21, under the influence of gravity, holding the web in engagement with the roller I9 at this time. The sprocket chain I22 actuates the sprocket wheel II, Fig. 3, whereby rotation of the shaft 68 is effected to produce corresponding rotation of the pulley I4 by reason of the fact that the windings 8| are energized at this time. The pulley I4 rotates the endless belt 15 to thereby ro-- tate the pulley 56 whereby the reel R is rotated in the proper direction to wind thereon the web W after it passes beyond the web-pulling roller I9. As the diameter of the web roll on the reel R increases, the belt I5 slips with respect to one or both of the pulleys 56, I4 to compensate for the slower rotative speed of said reel R.

An important feature of the invention relates to the described constant speed of web movement under the control of the web-pulling roller I9 ciated.

whereby, as a result, the web W moves at constant speed with respect to and across the projection field I0.

As hereinbefore described, the shaft I carries a sprocket wheel I00 in each of the compartments C. As clearly appears from a consideration of Figs. 2 and 5, the diameters of the respective sprocket wheels I03 are diflferent. Thus, in accordance with the form of the invention herein shown, the sprocket wheel I00 in that compartment C at the left, Fig. 5, has minimum diameter. The diameter of the sprocket wheel I00 in the second compartment C from the left is slightly greater than that of the one in the adjacent eompartment C toward the left. Similarly, there is a progressive increase in the diameters of the sprocket wheels I00 in the other compartments C in a direction from left to right, Figs. 2 and 5, and, preferably although not necessarily, the increment of increased diameter is the same in each case.

With the plug I00, the operator may select that switch I00 which is to be closed and, since the switches I00 control the windings H0 in .the respective compartments C, there may be obtained any one of a plurality of different constant speeds of web movement under the control of the webpulling roller III by the selection of a desired switch I00 with which the plug I00 is to be asso- During the operation described above, the plug I00 was associated with the second switch I00 from the top, Fig. 8, this causing the gear wheel I03 in the second compartment C from the left, Fig. 5, to effect the web-pulling operation. In case the operator desires the web to be pulled at a slower constant speed, the plug I00 is removed from the switch I00 last named and inserted in the uppermost switch I00, Fig. 8. ,This operation releases the clutch in the second compartment C from the left, Fig. 5, and connects the clutch in that compartment C at the extreme left, Fig. 5. In case it should be desirable to have the webpulling roller I9 draw the web at some faster, but still constant speed, theoperator selects a switch I00 suitable for that purpose and associates the plug I00 therewith.

In the manner described above, the web-pulling roller I9 draws the web from the reel RI and, under the control of the belt 15, the web is wound upon the reel R. During this operation, due to increase in diameter of the web roll on the reel R. the lever 50 moves counter-clockwise, Fig. 8, whereby the switch 03 opens. This opens the circuit through the relay winding I00 but, due to the mechanical lock described above, no movement of the armature I01 occurs in response to such deenergization of the winding I50.

driving relation with the shaft contacts. At this time, the described mechanical lock becomes eflective to hold the armature I01 in the position last described.

As a result oi the disengagement of the armature I01 from the upper fixed contacts, the operating circuit of the motor M is opened and. likewise, the circuit through the windings 0i is opened. When the latter happens, the lever 11 swings counter-clockwise, Fig. 3, to open the described clutch and disengage the pulley is from Engagement of the armature I01 with the lower fixed relay contacts completes a circuit which extends from the line conductor IOI by way of the conductor I", switch I10, conductor I00, armature I01,and thence back to the other line conductor I50 by way of the conductor I15 which includes the winding of the motor Ml When this happens, the motor MI is energized to effect rotation of the shaft I00, Fig. 2, at suitable speed.

Closure of I the circuit through the motor MI also caused closure of the parallel circuit through the windings 00 which, when energised, eflect upward movement of the shaft 20 by the described mechanical connections leading thereto from the windings 00, Fig. 1. The shaft 20 supports the hereinbeiore described web-engaging rollers 21 and such upward movement of the shaft 20 causes upward movement of the rollers 21 whereby they no longer hold the web in engagement with the web-pulling roller I0.

Downward movement of the armature I01 as described above completesa circuit which 'extends from one terminal of the direct current source I00 by way of conductor I00, conductor I51, conductor I00. conductor I10 including the winding IIOa, the armature I01, conductor I00 As the web roll on the reel RI decreases in size.

the lever 58a moves clockwise, Fig. 8, and, when the diameter of the web roll on said reel RI has decreased to a predetermined extent or has become negligible, the lever a moves to close the switch 530. Responsive to this action, a circuit is completed from one terminal of the direct current source I50 by way of the conductor I50, conductor I51, conductor I00, the relay winding i0I, conductor I52 including the contacts of the switch 00a and thence back to the other terminal of said direct current source I50 by way of the conductor I50. The described energization of the relay winding IOI causes the armature I01 to be attracted thereto with consequent disengagement thereof from the upper fixed relay contacts and engagement thereof with the lower fixed relay and thence back to the other terminal of said direct current source I00 by way of the conductor use. When the winding 0:; is energized as just described, the lever I00 coactable therewith is moved in a clockwise direction, Fig. 2, hereby the clutch mechanism ,connects the si ve I00a. to the rotating shaft I00. Asa result, the sprocket chain I35 transmits power to the shaft I20 from 4 which power is transmitted to the' gear wheel 00 ,by the sprocket chain I01. In this manner, the

web W is drawn from the reel R and rewound upon the reel RI.

During an early stage in the operation last described, the lever 00a moves to such position that the switch 03a opens automatically to thereby open the circuit through the winding 'IOI. This, however, has no effect on the position of the armature I01 which, as stated, is held bye mechanical lock at this time.

Operation of the motor MI and its driving operation on the reel RI continues until, with a predetermined or negligible amount of the web W remaining on the reel R, the lever 00 becomes effective to close the previously opened switch 00. When this happens, the armature I01 is drawn to its upper position with consequent opening of the circuits of the motor MI, the coils 00 and the winding IIOa, opening of the circuit of the coils 30 permitting the rollers 21 to drop into engagement with the web and opening of the circuit of the winding 0:: disengaging the clutch in the compartment CI. At the same time, the circuits of the motor M and the windings 0i are reestablished in the manner described above and, therefore, the motor M again becomes effective to pass the web from the reel RI to the reel R provided, of course, that the plug I00 is associated with one of the switches I00.

With the parts positioned as shown in Fig. 8 and as described, operation of the motor M continues and the web is wound upon the reel R until the switch 63a is closed. In the event that it should become desirable to reverse the direction of web movement prior to the time that the switch 63a is closed, the operator closes the switch the winding II4a, the coils 30 and the motor MI are closed. Accordingly, in the manner described, closure of the switch element I66 upon the adjacent end of the conductor I56 causes the web W to be drawn from the reel R and wound upon the reel RI.

While the motor MI is operating as last described and with the switch 63 open, the operator may close the switch element I64 upon the adjacent end of the conductor I56 to complete a circuit fromsaid switch element I64 by way of conductor I63, conductor I59, relay winding I58, conductor I51, conductor I55, the direct current source I54, and thenceback to the switch element I64 by way of conductor I56. It will be obvious in view of the foregoing description that the completion of the circuit last described causes the web W to be drawn from the reel RI to the reel R.

In accordance with the invention and as hereinafter more particularly described, the panel I8I is positioned remotely with respect to the projection apparatus whereas the switch and the switch elements I64, I66 are positioned immediately adjacent said projection apparatus. When the arrangement is of this character, it is desirable that conductors I63a, I56a and I65a be connected across the respective conductors I63, I56 and I65 and extended to the control panel I8I where the conductors I63a andv I65a terminate in the switch elements I64a and I66a. respectively. From the foregoing operation, it will be understood that alternate operation of the motors MI and M may be effected by manipulation of the switch elements I64a and I66a in the same manner as was described with respect to the switch elements I64 and I66.

As stated, the switch I and the switch elements I64, I66 may be suitably located adjacent the projector mechanism. If desired, the direct current source I54, the relay windings I58, I6I and other parts may be disposed in a box I92 carried by the platform 2, Fig. 1.

When the web W is drawn from the reel RI by the motor M and, conversely, when said web W is drawn from the reel R by the motor MI, the respective spring-pressed balls 9| cooperate with the adjacent reel side plates 86- and 48 to" retard rotation of the respective reels RI and R.

With the present invention, the web W is passed repeatedly in both directions between the reels RI and R as hereinafter more fully described. Under such circumstances, in order to avoid wear of the web, it is desirable that the pressure retarding movement of the web be applied indirectly thereto as described rather than directly thereto.

' space between words.

By reference particularly to Fig. 7, it will be observed thatthe clutch sleeves I 05 are associated with their respective actuating levers I06 by an arrangement comprising a pair of oppositely related screws I09. This affords pivotal movement of the sleeves whereby the clutching operation is readily effected. A similar arrangement is utilized in connection with the clutch sleeve I6 and pivotal connections I8, Fig. 3.

Referring to Fig. 10, there is illustrated a web W of a characteradapted to be utilized with the projector mechanism herein disclosed. As shown, the web W is formed from transparent or translucent material such as Cellophane, glassine paper, or equivalent. The web W has thereon transverse lines I formed from rows of any suitable letters or characters and, in accordance with the invention, these lines I are justified at the left margin and, likewise, they should be justified or substantially so at the right margin. In addition, said web W, at each side thereof, comprises marginal strips s which are free from letters or characters, the outer edges of these marginal strips 8 being adapted to engage the surfaces of the frame I2 disposed at the opposite, respective. vertical sides of the projection field I4. Further, in accordance with the invention, each line I contains substantially the same number of letter or character zones as any other line, a letter or character zone being the space occupied by a letter or character or the The spacing between said lines I may be as desired either single, double or otherwise. or a combination of different spacings, it being desirable, however, that the spacing be tween certain lines or certain groups of lines be uniform, i. e., single or double, or two single spaced lines followed by a double space, then two single spaced lines, and so on.

As hereinbefore stated, the apparatus of this invention is intended particularly for classroom use. Assuming that the classroom is equipped with desks having thereon typewriters for the use of the students, the described projector mechanism may be located at that end of the classroom toward which the students face and the remote control panel I8I may be positioned at a desired place in the classroom convenient for the use of the instructor.

Then, with the' web W wound upon the reel RI and threaded ,through' the mechanism to the reel R as described, the instructorenergizes the motor M in the manner described above. Thereupon, by association of the plug I84 with a selected switch I60, the web W is caused to move through the projection field I4 at a constant speed under the control of the web-pulling roller IS, the web,'meanwhile, being unwound from the reel RI and wound upon the reel R.

The projecting light beam passes through the projection field I4 to the mirror 33, said projecting light beam thereafter passing through the objective lens 32 and then moving into engagement with a suitable mirror-screen system, not shown. the screen preferably being of the rear projection type and so disposed that it faces the classroom. It will be understood that the projecting light beam may pass to the screen otherwise than as described. Thus, for example. said projecting light may pass along a single horizontal path through the projection field. the objective lens and then into engagement with the screen.

As will be understood. images of the lines of characters on the web W appear on the projection screen and move iromthe bottom to the projection field I4 during each minute of operation. By reason of this feature of the invention, the instructor may readily rate the capability of the class.

It will be understood that the instructor closes that switch III which will cause the web to move through the projection field I4 at a constant speed warranted by the experience of the class at hand. Dependent upon the capability of the class, a different constant speed of web movement through the projection field, either faster or slower, may readily be produced by associating the plug I with another selected switch I80 Obviously, a class of beginners would start with a low, constant speed of web movement through the projection held. In later lessons, such constant speed would be changed to a higher constant speed in accordance with the progress made by the class.

Eventually, during, movement of the web from the reel ,RI to the reel R as described above, the switch 83a opens and, automatically with the circuit arrangement of Fig. 8, the web returnsto the reel RI from the reel R. This operation is efiected by the motor MI and, obviously, the speed of web movement under control of said motor MI should be much faster than any speed of the web which may be produced by the motor M.

When the. web W has been rewound upon the reel RI, control of the web is again transferred to the motor M. At this time, the web may again be passed through the projection field for the benefit of the class at hand or the switch I10, may be opened to deenergize the motor circuits. l I

It will be understood that the characters on the web W may be of any suitable character either upper case or lower case as desired. Further, it is to be understood that the rows 0! characters on the web W need not necessarily be those of the English alphabet. Thus, for example, rows of stenographic characters or the characters of the stenotype code may appear on the web W so that the class may gain experience in transcribing messages. Also for other kinds of instruction there may be on the web W pictures of animals, followed by the names of the animals, a word in one language. followed by its translation into another language, etc., etc. It shall be understood that the expression characters" shall be construed with suflicient breadth to cover the various letters, pictures and other representatives described above and others the equivalent thereof.

With the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 8, either the motor M or the motor MI operates while the switch IIII remains closed although, as stated, the particular motor to be operated may be selected by actuation of either oi the switch elements INor iii. A more preferred circuit arrangement is shown in Fig. 11 wherein those parts which correspond with the parts shown in Fig. 8 have the same reference characters applied thereto, respectively.

In Fig. 11, I have shown a relay arrangement which comprises a pair of windings 200, 2III disposed on the opposite respective sides of anarmature 202 utilizable for actuating, alternately, the movable members 204, 205 formed from electricity-insulating material.

Extending from the hereinbefore described conductor I56 which, as stated, leads to one terminal of the direct current source I54 is a conductor 2" which leads to the inner terminals of both of the windings 2", "I. The other terminal of the winding 200 has connected thereto a conductor 201 which includes the contacts of the hereinbeiore described switch "a and terminates in a switch element 201a atthe remote control panel III. The other terminal of the winding 201 has connected thereto a conductor 208 which includes the contacts of the hereinbefore switch 63 and terminates in a switch-element 200a at the remote control panel IOI, the two switch elements 201a and 2080 being disposed adjacent each other in spaced relation as shown.

Carried by the panel Ill is a three-position switch 209 having a contact element 2080 connected to the aforesaid conductor I" which leads to the conductor I55, the latter leading to one terminal of the direct current source I54. The switch I" is shown as occupying a neutral position. In another of its positions, the contact element "in thereof engages the switch element 2010 while, in its other position, the contact element Illa engages the switch element "8a.

The relay arrangement of Fig. 11 comprises Y two upper fixed contacts to which are connected the respective conductors ill! and III. The conductor 2N includes the above described coils 8| and is connected to the aforesaid conductor I55 which leads to one terminal of the direct current source I". The conductor 2 includes the operating winding of the motor M and is connected to the aforesaid conductor I5I.

The relay arrangement of Fig. 11 further com- 2 and iii, the similar movable member 205 having connected thereto the conductors 2 I6 and III. The conductors 2H. and iii are connected to a common conductor 2I8 which leads to the aforesaid conductor I56. The conductors 2|! and 2" are connected to a common conductor 2I9 which leads to the aforesaid conductor I50.

With the ',circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 11, the operator, initially, closes the switch I52 and, if the switch 209 is in the neutral position shown, all of the motor operating circuits re main deenergized.

Assuming that all or a predetermined amount of the web W is wound upon the reel RI, the relatively large web roll holds the lever 58a in such position that it is disengaged from the switch 63a and, accordingly, the latter is closed as shown in Fig. 11. However, at this time, the diameter of the webb roll on the reel R is relatively small sires to pass the web W nected to the shaft 08, Fig. 3.

operator may insert the plug I84 -mechanism efiect rotation of the shaft and, therefore, the lever 50' is in engagement with the switch 62, the latter, accordingly, being open at this time. I Upon the conditions recited, if the operator dethrough the projection field from the reel RI to the reel R, the switch 200 is actuated to move the contact element 209a thereof into engagement withthe switch element 2010 of the conductor 201. By so doingpa cir cult is closed from one terminal of the direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I55, conductor I82, the switch contact element 2000, switch element 201a, conductor 201 including the closed switch 0311, the relay winding 200, conductor 200 and thence back to the other terminal of said direct current source by way of the conductor I56. Closure of the circuit last described eflects upward movement of the relay armature 202and the associated movable memher 204 whereby the conductors 2, H5 are closed upon the upper fixed relay contacts, respectively.

In response to the operation last described, a

circuit is closed through the motor M from the line conductor I5I by way of the conductor 2| I, conductor 2I5 and thence back to the other line conductor I50 by way of the conductor 2I9. Simultaneously, a circuit is closed through the coils 0| from one terminal of the direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I55, conductor 2I0 including the coils II, conductor 2i 4, conductor 2I8 and thence back. to the other terminal of said direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I50. Accordingly, the motor M becomes effective to rotate the hereinbefore described shaft I00, Figs. 2 and 5, and the coils 8I cause the pulley I4 "to been- In the manner hereinbefore described, the of Fig. 11 in. a selected switch I80 to thereby energize one of the windings H4 and, by the 09, Figs. 2 and 5, by power obtained from the rotating shaft I00; In response to the operation last noted, the web W is caused to move upwardly through the projection field I4 at suitable constant speed and, as will be obvious in view of the description hereinbefore given, the operator may select any one of a plurality of constant speeds of web movement through said projection field I4 by associating the plug I84 with the proper switch I00.

described clutch described, the web roll As the diameter of the web roll on the reel R increases, the lever 58 moves to such position that the switch 63 closes. This, however, has no effect on any of the operating circuits at this time.

scribed above, the web roll on the reel RI becomes predetermined or negligible diameter and,

Eventually, during continued operation as dc .sure of the circuit thatthe switch 53a .the reelR.

between .thefreels R and RI.

\ current source I54 by way of thei conductor I55, conductor I 52, the switch contact element 209a, switch element 208a, conductor 208 including the closed switch 53, therelay winding 20I, conductor 200 and thence back to the'other terminal of said direct current source by way of the conductor I 56. Closure of the circuit last described effects downward movement of the relay armature'202 and the associated movable member 205 whereby the conductors III, 2" are closed upon th lower fixed relay contacts, respectively.

In response to the operation last described, a circuit is closed through "the motor MI from the line conductor I5I by way of conductor 2I2,-conductor III, and thence back to the other line conductor I50 by way of the conductor 2|9. C1olast described causes the cells 30 to be energized whereby upward movement of the shaft 20is'e1lfected to thereby disengage the web-engaging rollers 21 from the web w. Simultaneously, a circuit is closed through the coil II4a from one terminal of the direct current source I54 by way of theconductor I55, conductor 2I0, conductor 2I2 including the cell 411, conductor 2I6. conductor 2Il and thenceback to the other terminal of said direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I 50. Energization of the coil II 4a connects the shaft rotating under the control of the motor MI to the gear wheel 90, Fig. 2, whereby the reel RI is rotated to cause the web to be upon.

As the diameter of increases, the lever the web roll on the reel RI 58a moves to such position I I closes. 'This, however, has no effect on any of the operating circuits at this time.-

Eventually, during continued operation as last predetermined or negligible diameter and, at this time, the lever 58 becomes effective to open the switch 04. As a'result, the energizing circuit of the relay winding "I is opened and, the armature 202 and the movable member 205 move to normal position ,as shown in Fig. 11 with consequent deenergization of the circuits through the motor MI and-through the coils l0 and II4a. This completes a cycle of operation. Thereafter, the switch 209 may again be actuated in the manner described to cause the web W to move through the projection field from thereel RI to As hereinbefore described. my invention involves two motors M and MI utillzable alternately for drawing the web .W in opposite directions It shall be understood, however, that the invention is not tobe at this time, the lever 58a becomes effective to open the switch 63a. This operation opens the energizing circuit oi the relay winding 200 described above and, as a resule, the armature 202 and the movable member 204 move to normal position as shown in Fig. 11 with consequent deenergization of the circuits through the motor M and the coils 0|.

At this time, the web W may be passed from the reel R to the reel RI and, if so, the switch 209 is actuated to move the contact element 209a thereof into engagement with the switch element 208a of the conductor 208. By so doing, a cir-- cuit is closed from one terminal of the direct hereinbefore described thuslimited since, if desired, the motor M alone may be used for effecting movement of the web W in both directions.

Thus, referring to Fig. 12, I have shown the motor M as carried by a support 220 which, in turn, ried by the above described box I25 of the motor M is is adapted to be carplatform 2. The gear illustrated in Fig. 12

as having a vertical shaft 2II extending upward- Y ly therefrom, this shaft 22I being included in the train ofspeed-reducing gearing between the motor armature and the hereinbefore described shaft I24, 'said shaft 23I being rotated at higher speed by the motor armature than is the shaft I24. Associated with the gear box I25 is a bearing structure I30 which is rewound thereon the reelR becomes of 232 for the aforesaid shaft 23I and; for a horizontal shaft 233 rotated by said shaft nism indicated at 284.

At one side of the motor M, the support 230 carries a. structure 235 on which is mounted a housing which is a duplicate of the housing hereinbefore described as associated with the motor MI and which has duplicate mechanism associated therewith.

Thus, as shown in carries a housing formed by side walls I21, I21 and a top wall I28, this housing forming a stall orcompartment CI. The side walls form bearing's for'an upper shaft I23 and for one end of the aforesaid shaft 233 which supports a sleeve or hub I30a freely rotatable thereon but restrained .from movement axially thereof, the sleeve I30a, exteriorly of the compartment CI having-secured thereto a sprocket wheel I33 disposed vertically below a sprocket wheel I34 se cured to the shaft I28. An endlesssprocket chain I35 connects'the sprocket wheel I33 with the sprocket wheel I34 .so that power may be delivered from one to the other.

The shaft I28 has securedthereto a second sprocket wheel I38 which is disposed'in the same vertical plane as the sprocket wheel 30 for the reel RI, an endless sprocket chain I31 being associated with the sprocket wheels 90 and I38.

, The compartment CI of Fig. 12 contains clutch mechanism similar tothat described above as contained in thecompartment C shown in Fig. 2, the same reference characters having been generally applied to corresponding respective parts.

In Fig. 13.1 have shown one form of a circuit arrangement utilizable for operating the form of the invention shown in Fig. 12. As regards Fig. 13, those parts which correspond with the parts shown in Figs. 8 and 11 have the same reference characters applied thereto, respectively.

Referring now to Fig. 1.3, I have shown a relay arrangement which comprises a pair of windings 240, 24I disposed on the opposite respective sides of an armature 242 utilizable for actuating, alternately the movable members 244, 245 formed from electricity-insulating material.

Extending from the hereinbefore described conductor I58 which, as stated, leads to one terminal of the direct current source I54 is a conductor 248 which leads to the inner terminals of both of the windings 240, 24I. The otherterminal of the winding 240 has connected thereto a conductor 241 which includes the contacts of the switch 830. and terminates in a switch element 241a at the remote control panel I8I. The other terminal of the winding 24I has connected thereto a conductor 248 which includesthe contacts of the switch 83 and terminates in a switch element 248a at said remote control panel I8I, the two switch elements 241a and 248:: being disposed adjacent each other in spaced relation as shown and the hereinbefore described threeposition switch 209a coactable alternately therewith, said contact element 209a being connected to the conductor I82 which, in turn, is connected to the conductor I55 leading to one terminal of the direct current source I54.

The relay arrangement of Fig. 13 comprises three upper fixed contacts, the lower contact being single and the upper two contacts being dou- Fig. l2..the structure 235 208 having its contact element ble as shown. Connected to these upper fixed contacts of said relay arrangement are the respective conductors 250, 25I, 252, 253 and 254. Theconductor 250 includes the above described coils 8i and is connected to the aforesaid conductor I55 which leads to one terminal 'of the direct current source I54. The conductors 254, 252, 253 and 25I lead to the respective terminals tI, t2, t3 and t4 of the motor M, the conductor 25I including a capacitor 255 as shown.

The relay arrangement of Fig. 13 further comprises four lower fixed contacts, the uppermost and lowermost contacts being single and the Intermediate' two contacts being double as shown.

Connected to these lower fixed contacts of said relay arrangement are the respective conductors 258, 251, 258, 283, 280 and 28I. The conductor 258 includes the above described coil H40 and is connected to the aforesaid conductor 250 between the coils 8i and the conductor I55. The conductors 251, 258, 255 and 280 are connected to the aforesaid conductors 253, 252, Ni and 254, re-' spectively. The conductor 28I aforesaid coils and is connected to the line conductor I50.

Connected to the movable member 244 of the relay arrangement of Fig. 13 are the conductors 28Ia, 282 and 283, the similar movable member 245 of said relay arrangement having connected thereto the conductors 284, 285, 288 and 281.

The conductors 28la and 284 are connected to a common conductor 288 which leads to the afore said conductor I58. The conductors 282 and 285 are connected to a common conductor 283 which leads to and is connected to the aforesaid conductor 28I in that section thereof between the coils 30 and the line conductor I50. The conductors 283 and 288 are connected to a common conductor 210 which leads to the line conductor I5I. The conductor 281 is connected to said conductor 210.

With the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 13, the operator, initially, closes the switch I52 and, if the switch 208 is in the neutral position shown, all of the motor operating circuits remain deenergized.

Assuming that all or a predetermined amount of the web W is wound upon the reel RI, the large web roll holds the lever 58a in such position that itis disengaged from the switch 83a and, accordingly, the latter is closed as shown in Fig. 13. However, at this time, the diameter. of the web roll on the reel R is relatively small compared to the web roll on the reel RI and, therefore, the lever 58 is in engagement with the switch83, the latter, accordingly, being open at this time.

Under the conditions recited, if the operator desires to pass the web W through the projection field from the reel RI to the reel R, the switch current source I54 by way of the conductor I55,

conductor I82, the switch contact element 208a, switch element 241a, conductor 241 including the closed switch 83a, the relay winding 248, conductor 248 and thence back to the other terminal of said direct current source by way of the conductor I58. Closure of the circuit last described effects upward movement of the relay armature 242 and the associated movable member 244 whereby the conductors 28Ia, 282, 283 are closed upon the upper fixed relay contacts, respectively.

In response to the operation last described, a circuit is closed through the coils 8| from one terminal of the direct current source I54 by way of conductor I55, conductor 250 including said coils 8i, conductor 28Ia, conductor 288 and includes the thence back to the other terminal of said direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I58. Simultaneously, a circuit is closed through the motor M fromthe line conductor I50by way-of conductor 26I, conductor 269, conductor 26 2, conductor 252, the motor terminals t2 andt l including the motor winding, conductor-254, conductor 263 and thence back to the other line conductor I5I by way of the conductor 210. Across this circuit of the motor M is connected the'windi-ng of the motor capacitor circuit, the circuit last named extending from the motorterminals t3, t4 by way of the respective conductors253, 25I which are connected to the conductors 254 and 252, respectively. Accordingly, with the arrangement of Fig. 13, the motor M becomes effective to rotate both of the shafts I00 and 233, Fig. 12, and the coils- 8I cause the pulley I4 to be connected to the shaft 68, Fig. 3. However, inasmuch as the coil Illa, Fig. 12, is deenergizedat this time, the described rotation of the shaft 233 is without effect on any part of the mechanism.

In the manner hereinbefore described, the operator may insert the plug I84 in a selected switch I80 to thereby energize one of the windings H4 and, by the described clutch mechanism, effect rotation of the shaft 88, Figs. 2 and 5, by power obtainedfrom the rotatingshaft I00 way of the conductor :10.

of Fig. 12. In response tov the operation last noted, the web Wis caused to move upwardly through the projection field I4 at suitable constant speed and, aswill be obvious in view of the description hereinbefore given, the operator may select any one of a plurality of Y constant speeds of web movement through said projection field I4 by associating the plug I84 with the proper switch I80. 7

As the diameterof the web roll on thereel R increases, the lever 58, Fig. 13, moves to such position that the associated switch 83 closes. This, however, is without effect on any-oi the operating circuits at this time. I

Eventually, during continued operation as described above, the 'web roll on the reel .-RI becomes relatively small in .diameter or negligible and, at this time, the lever 58a, Fig. 13,

becomes'efiective to open the, associated switch doing, a circuit is closedfrom one terminal of the direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I55, conductor I82, the switch contact element 208a, switch element 248a, conductor 248 including the closed switch 83,2the relay winding 2, conductor 246 and thenceback to the other terminal of said direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I56. Closure of, the circuit last described effects downward movement of the relay armature 242 and the associated movable member 245 whereby the conductors 264, 265, 268, 261 are'closed upon thelower fixed relay contacts, respectively. I

In response to the operation last described, a circuit is closed through the coil Il4a from one terminal of the direct current source I54 by way of conductor l55, conductor 250, conductor 256 the reel RI.

including said coil 4a, conductor 284, conductor 268 and thence back to the other terminal of said direct current source I54 by way of the conductor I56. Simultaneously, a circuit is closed through the coils 30 from the line conductor I50 by way of conductor ZBI including said coils 30, conductor 261 and thence back to the other line conductor I5I by way of the'conductor 210. Another simultaneous operation resulting from downward movement of the relay armature 242 involves closure of a circuit through the motor M from the line conductor I50 by way of the conductor 26I, conductor 269, conductor 285, conductor 258, conductor .252, the motor terminals .t2 and H including the motor winding, conductor 254, conductor 260, conductor 266 and thence back to the other line conductor I5I by Across this circuit of the motor M is connected the winding of, the

motor capacitor'circuit, the circuit last named.

extending from the motor terminals t3, t4 by way of the conductors 253, 251 .on the one hand and the conductors 25I, 259 on the other hand, the conductor 25'! being connected to the conductor 258 and the conductor 259 being connected to the conductor 260. I

In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 12

and 13, the motor M is of the type known to the art as a capacitor type motor without centrifugal switch. A motor of this. character-comprises a main winding to which the terminals tI, t2 are connected and, in addition, said motor last named comprises another winding to which the terminals t3, t4 are connected. During operation of a motor of this character, the capacitor circuit is connected across the'main circuit and, in order to reverse rotation of the 'motor, it is necessary merely to reverse the connections of the capacitor circuit across the main circuit. With the relay armature 242 in its upper position as described above, the capacitor circuit conductors leading from'the terminals t3, t4 areconnectedto the respective conductors leading to the motor terminals tI, t2, respectively. With' the relay armature 242 in its lower po-sition as described above, the capacitor circuit conductors'leading from the terminals t3, t4 are connected -to the respective conductors leading to the motor terminals t2, tI,

respectively. Hence, with the relay armature 242 in its lower position, the motor M rotates in a direction the reverse of that taken while the relay armature 242 is in its upper position.

As will be understood in view of the foregoing description, closure of the circuit last described through the motor M effects reverse-direction rotation of the motor Mto produce reverse rotation of the shafts I00, 233 from that described above. The coils 8| are deenergized at this'time and, similarly, all of the coils II4 remain deenergized, the plug I84 having been removed, when the web is to be passed from the reel R to Therefore, rotation of the shaft I00 is without effect at this time; However, the circuit of the coils 30 is closed whereby the rollers 2! are held disengaged from the web W and the circuit of the coil II4a is energized to connect thejshaft 233, Fig. 12, to the sprocket wheel 98. Therefore, underthe influence of the shaft 233, which rotates at a faster speed than the ghlaft I00, the web W is rewound upon the reel As the diameter of the web roll on the reel RI increases, the lever 58a moves to such position that the switch 63a closes. This, however, has

vswitchnoteditboveiso beiiellwhenany no eifect on any of the operating circuits at this time.

Eventually, during continued operation as last described, the web roll on the reel 1?. becomes of relatively small diameter or negligible and, .at this time, the lever It becomes eifective to open the switch II. 1'1. 13. As a result, the energillnl circuit of the'relay winding Ill is opened and,

the armature!!! and the movable member-ill come to normaljposition as shown in '18 with consequent deenersiaticn oi the circuitsthroush the motor M..the coils'lland the coil lilo.

completes a cycle of operation. Thereafter, the switch as may again be actuated in themanner described to cause theweb W to movethroueh the projection iieid from the reel RI to'the'reel R.

Although I have shown and described an arrangement for selectively energizing the coils I ll by a plus i positioned at the remote control panel Ill," it sh'allbeunderstood that the inventionisnottobelimitedtothisparticulararraneement since, obviously, there are various other equivalent arrangements which may be substituted therefor. Thus, for example, in lieu of the described plug and switch arranaement, theremaybeutilinedadialsimilartoatelopholie dial for selectively transmittin: impulses. either bywireor wireless,tothecoils lilto energies them individually. It shall also be that the remote control panel Ill may be'positioned where desired and that, under some cumstances, it may be desirable to same immediately adjacent the pr jector moh- Ordinarily, the levers l and "a open the respective switches when onlyanceii.

sibleamoimtoithewebwremainsontheassociawdreei. ftshalibeunderstoodthaaif sired,thearraneementmaybesuchthateach or predetermined amount 0! the web remains the reel associated therewith.

Asahowninl'lss. 2, 3 andaeacholtheshafts It and N may have secured thereto a knob Ill. These knobs I serve in an advantageous manner when it becomes desirable to manually rotate cneofthereelsRorRl whenthewebwisassociated with the projector mechanism as hereinbefore described.

While the invention has besndeeeri w h respect to certain particular preierred seen i oushthesamae ssemblies todrlveeeldeneaeins meensatoneofanumbsrct mlnedspeedsandreadllyoperable eonoperable-manually cuitrblled iectinsmeanspositienedesterioraliyofseidar atcneofanumberoliii'edetermined clutchestpmtus forwnnectinlmofeaidfllitclma-wlth which we s s actory results, it will be stood by those skilled in the matter understand ins the inv ntion. that various chanees and meal.

fications may be madewithout'depertin from the spirit and scope of the invention and Me intended therefore in the appended claimato mm modifications.

all such changes and What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patentis:

l. A projection apparatus includine a source of light for illuminating a projection field, an objective lens focused on said prolection iieid, mean! for drawing a character-bearing web through said projection field, said last named means comprisin: a motor, a shaft rotated thereby, a second shaft, a plurality of clutch units operable individually to rotate said second shaft by said first shaft at any one of a plurality of diilerent constant speeds, a control station, and meanest said station for initiating operation of said motor and for selecting that clutch unit which is to connect said shafts.

s vins meens.

s projection apparatus in manation a web bavins therem a plurality of previousiy P ded libero! transversely inand spaces during a predetermined interval of operating nsvm r. m.

time. 

